What is MARD?

MARD (mean absolute relative difference) is a measure of the accuracy of your CGM system.
If you're using or considering a Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system, you may have come across the term Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD). But what does it mean for you? Simply put, MARD is a way to measure how accurate your CGM is — the lower the percentage, the closer your sensor’s readings are to your actual blood glucose levels.¹

How is MARD calculated?

Calculating MARD means checking how accurate your glucose sensor is. The accuracy is measured by comparing a series of blood glucose readings from your CGM monitoring device to a trusted reference method, typically a laboratory blood glucose test or finger-prick blood glucose test. The difference between the reference value and the CGM reading is calculated. Then, the difference between the CGM value and the reference is turned into a percentage. Taking the average of those percentages will give the Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD).

Image

What affects MARD results?

While MARD is useful, several factors can impact MARD values²:

Blood sugar levels:

MARD can vary across different glucose ranges. Accuracy may be better in mid-range glucose values and slightly lower in very high or very low readings.

Lag Time:

Because CGMs measure glucose in interstitial fluid rather than blood, readings may slightly lag behind actual blood glucose changes, especially after meals or during exercise

Sensor wear time:

Some sensors lose accuracy over time, with slight changes in MARD values toward the end of their wear period.

Calibration requirements:

CGMs may require manual calibration with a BGM, and rely on the accuracy of those reference readings, which can influence MARD.

Individual differences:

Certain medications and external factors (such as vitamin C, aspirin, and dehydration) may affect sensor readings, causing fluctuations in MARD results. Skin thickness, hydration levels, and sensor placement can all impact how accurately a CGM reads glucose.

What MARD means for CGM users

MARD helps you to understand how confident you can be with accuracy of your CGM readings. However, regardless of the MARD value,it’s important to:

MARD is a helpful measure of CGM accuracy, but it’s not the only factor to consider. Understanding your CGM data is key to maximising its benefits. Consult your healthcare provider to find the most suitable glucose monitoring system for your diabetes care.